This report quantifies the impact of advanced mathematical knowledge on Quebec’s economic activity. Similar analyses have previously been conducted for other economies (Australia, Brazil, Spain, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom). Advanced mathematical skills encompass knowledge applicable to engineering (physical or financial), forecasting (climatic or economic), and impact assessment (public policy or medical treatment).

In this study, we employ four calculation methods to estimate the contribution of this knowledge to economic activity. This contribution is measured by the share of GDP derived from labor compensation associated with mathematical inputs. Using four methods allows us to derive an average estimate based on multiple approaches. We also calculate the internal rate of return on investments in human capital that generate mathematical inputs.

The study’s main conclusion is that mathematical inputs make a significant contribution to Quebec’s GDP. The direct impact on GDP ranges from 5% to 10%, a finding consistent with previous studies conducted in other countries. A second conclusion is that this contribution is achieved at a reasonable cost and yields a high real rate of return. This rate—estimated conservatively—falls within the 10% to 15% range.